Samarkand is one of the oldest cities not only in Uzbekistan, but in whole Central Asia. Well-positioned between India, Persia and China, it has for centuries been a key point of the Silk Road. Samarkand has a long and dramatic history: it was almost completely destroyed by Mongols of Genghis Khan, then Tamerlane returned the city to life and made it a capital of his vast empire, later during the reign of Ulugbek, grandson of Tamerlane, there were built a lot of madrassas and Samarkand became a scientific capital of the East. Almost all of the unique architectural monuments of Tamerlane times survived in Samarkand until our days.
The main attraction of Samarkand is Registan, one of the most beautiful squares in the world, surrounded by many grand old buildings, minarets and mausoleums. The art of glazed cladding has reached here its highest point: many of the old buildings have not the slightest part of the surface without decor. The striking examples are madrassas Tilla-Kari, Ulugbek and Sher Dor.
Starting with the Registan, you should walk through the entire old town to explore the mausoleum Ishrat-Hon (burial of women from Timurid dynasty), the famous observatory of Ulugbek, mausoleum Rukhabad (the tomb of an Islamic mystic Burhaneddin Sagaradzhi), mausoleums of Khodja Abdi Darun, Al-Bukhari and the biblical prophet Daniel.
Cult place of Samarkand is Timur Bibi-Khanum Mosque, next to which is placed mausoleum of Tamerlane and his descendants Gur-Emir. Other interesting places to visit are the Municipal Museum of Art, the mausoleum of Ak-Saray, Namozgoh mosque, madrasa Ahror Khoja and Hazrat Khizr Mosque. Near the north border of Samarkand there is a settlement of Afrasiab in the southern part of which stretches a unique ensemble of Shokhi Zinda tombs.
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